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Contrabands and Freedmen Cemetery: Primary Sources and Publications

Read primary sources, publications, and news coverage.
Page updated on July 29, 2024 at 4:26 PM

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Primary Sources & Publication

Native Americans at the Site

  • “Archaeologists Discover 13,000-year-old artifact.” Alexandria Times 16 Aug. 2007.  

African-American Soldiers in the Civil War

  • Convalescents of L’Ouverture Hospital and Its Branches and Soldiers of the U.S. Army. Letter to Major Edwin Bentley. 27 Dec. 1864. Number 1 in the Freedmen’s Series of Documents of Alexandria’s Freed People, produced by the Alexandria Black History Resource Center and Alexandria Archaeology, divisions of the City of Alexandria’s Office of Historic Alexandria. Copyright 1997. Research and transcription by Timothy Dennee and Lillie Finklea. Friends of Freedmen's Cemetery.
  • Volunteers for Freedom: Black Civil War Soldiers in Alexandria National Cemetery, Part I. Miller, Edward A. Jr., Historic Alexandria Quarterly Fall 1998.  

  • Volunteers for Freedom: Black Civil War Soldiers in Alexandria National Cemetery, Part II. Miller, Edward A. Jr., Historic Alexandria Quarterly Winter 1998. 

  • The USCT and Alexandria National Cemetery. Upon hearing that African American soldiers were going to be buried at the new Freedmen’s Cemetery and not the Soldier’s Cemetery (now Alexandria National Cemetery) 443 soldiers at L’Ouverture hospital signed a petition to be buried at the Soldier's Cemetery.

Contrabands

  • Wills, Eric. "The Forgotten: The Contraband of America and the Road to Freedom" Preservation  (National Trust for Historic Preservation), May/June 2011.  
  • Harriet Jacobs, Selected Writings and Correspondence. Life Among the Contrabands. The Liberator, Boston, MA, 5 September 5, 1862. Yale University. 

The Cemetery

  • “1866 Record of Deaths and Burials (The Gladwin Record).” The Library of Virginia, Archives and Records. 1863-1868., Alexandria, Virginia.
  • Cressey, Pamela. “Historic Design and Character of Alexandria Contrabands and Freedmen’s Cemetery.” 5 Sep. 2007. updated 4 January 2008. Alexandria Archaeology Museum., Alexandria, Virginia.
  • Cressey, Pamela. “Historic References to the Name of the Cemetery.” 7 Nov. 2007. updated 4 January 2008. Alexandria Archaeology Museum., Alexandria, Virginia.

Post-Civil War Destruction and Desecration

  • “Alexandria Affairs: Uncanny Sight in a Graveyard.” Washington Post. 29 Mar. 1892., Washington. 
  • Miller, T. Michael. “A Time for Remembrance—The Contraband Cemetery.” Date unknown. Office of Historic Alexandria., Alexandria, Virginia. 
  • Miller, T. Michael. “Historical News Flash: Freedmen and Contraband Burial Ground Identified in Alexandria, Virginia.” 11 Jan. 1991. Alexandria Library, Alexandria, Virginia. 
  • “Proposed New Motel at Jones Point Bridge Site.” Washington Post. 18 Oct. 1953., Washington.  

Descendants Oral History Interviews

Joyce Paige Abney
Joyce Paige Anderson Abney is a fifth-generation Alexandrian, descended from Armistead Webster. Mrs. Abney discusses growing up in segregated Alexandria, including schools and swimming pools. 

Lucian Johnson
Lucian Johnson's ancestors are buried in Alexandria's Contrabands and Freedmen Cemetery. A life-long resident of Alexandria, Virginia, his family history is one of strength and community cohesion during the Depression and the difficulties he encountered attaining an education. Mr. Johnson offers a detailed description of the changes in road ways and housing development in Alexandria.

Paula Haskins Williams
Ms. Paula Haskins Williams was born in 1952 and has lived in Alexandria all of her life. During the interview, she discusses her family history, recalling how her father's family lived in the 'Cross Canal' neighborhood and later on, 'the Bergs.' She remembers her father telling her that their ancestors were buried in Alexandria's Freedmen's Cemetery.

Friends of Freedmen's Cemetery

This informative site includes an extensive collection of transcriptions of primary resources related to Alexandria’s African American history and genealogy, including the Gladwin Record of burials in Freedmen’s Cemetery.

  • The Friends of Freedmen's Cemetery

This Facebook page, prepared by a participant in the 2007 excavation, includes slideshows of the cemetery history and photos of the archaeological fieldwork.

  • The Alexandria Freedmen's Cemetery on facebook

News Coverage

Rededication Ceremony, 2007

  • Alexandria Gazette, May 17, 2007 
  • Alexandria Times, May 17, 2007 
  • Richmond Times Dispatch, May 14, 2007 
  • Washington Post May 13, 2007 
  • Preservation Online May 9, 2007 
  • WJLA-TV (Channel 7), May 12, 2007 
  • WUSA-TV (Channel 9), May 15, 2007

Discovery of the Clovis Point, 2007

  • Washington Examiner, August 8, 2007 
  • American Archaeology, Fall 2007 
  • Washington Times, August 11, 2007 
  • Washington Examiner, August 14, 2007 
  • Washington Post, August 16, 2007 
  • Alexandria Gazette, August 16, 2007 
  • Alexandria Times, August 16, 2007 

Memorial Dedication, 2014

  • CBS Evening News *National* [Video]  Once below gas station, Virginia cemetery restored.
  • NBC4 [Video]  City of Alexandria Dedicating Cemetery Memorial.
  • Washington Post.  A memorial honors slaves who escaped the South for refuge in Alexandria, Va.
  • WTOP  Freedmen honored at local park memorial.
  • CBS Local  City of Alexandria Dedicating Cemetery Memorial.
  • WJLA 7  Alexandria dedicates memorial at Freedmen's Cemetery to African Americans who died in the Civil War.
  • WUSA 9  Alexandria to dedicate memorial to African Americans who died in Civil War.
  • Washington Informer [Cover Story]  Alexandria Cemetery Dedication Draws Descendants.
  • Greenfield Daily Reporter [AP].  City of Alexandria dedicating cemetery memorial to African Americans who died during Civil War.
  • Alexandria Gazette Packet [Cover story]  Memorial Cemetery Dedicated.
  • Alexandria Times  Out of the Attic: Dedication of memorial marks end of long journey for cemetery.
  • Red Brick Town  Alexandria Celebrates the Dedication of the Contrabands and Freedmen Cemetery Memorial.
  • AlexandriaNews.org.  Alexandria Remembers Contraband And Freedmen With Memorial Dedication  Freedmen Cemetery.
  • Patch Media  Alexandria Dedicates the Contrabands and Freedmen Cemetery Memorial.

African American Civil Rights Network, 2021

  • ‘No longer forgotten’: Contrabands and Freedmen Cemetery Memorial in Alexandria recognized nationally. WTOP, July 24, 2021
  • "Telling our Stories" in Alexandria. Contrabands and Freedmen Cemetery is the First Virginia Site Added to African American Civil Rights Network. Alexandria Gazette Packet, August 1, 2021
  • Contrabands and Freedmen Cemetery Memorial in Alexandria First Site in Virginia Recognized by African American Civil Rights Network. The Zebra, July 1, 2021
  • Local site added to Civil Rights Network: Contrabands and Freedmen Cemetery Memorial first site chosen in Virginia. Alexandria Times, July 8, 2021

10th Anniversary Celebration, 2024

  • Contrabands and Freedmen Memorial marks 10th anniversary, Out of the Attic, Alexandria Times, September 5, 2024

Visit the Memorial

Address

Contrabands & Freedmen Cemetery Memorial
1001 S. Washington Street
(at the corner of Church Street)
Alexandria, Virginia, 22314

Hours of Operation

Open dawn to dusk.
On-street parking available nearby.

Contrabands and Freedmen Cemetery Memorial

Visit

Plan your visit to the memorial, read about its mission and design, and find resources for additional information.

Community

Learn about the lives, work, struggles, and triumphs of the Contrabands and freedmen in historic Alexandria.

Cemetery

Understand the cemetery’s history and the activism and processes that led to creation of the memorial.

Archaeology

Discover the results of the archaeological investigations conducted to find and protect the graves.

Names

Search for information about those buried in the cemetery – their names, ages, causes of death, and the neighborhoods they lived in.

Timeline

Events in the history of the Contrabands and Freedmen Cemetery.

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