• History of Alexandria’s African American Community
• McCargo Bah, Char, Christa Watters, Audrey P. Davis, Gwendolyn Brown-Henderson and James E. Henson, Sr. African Americans of Alexandria Virginia: Beacons of Light in the Twentieth Century. The History Press, 2013. (Book available for purchase from The Alexandria Shop)
• Style and Identity: Black Alexandria in the 1970s. Portraits by Horace Day (Exhibit Catalogue) 
• A Remarkable and Courageous Journey: A Guide to Alexandria’s African American History (Brochure)
• African American Heritage Trail: North Waterfront Route. Alexandria’s African American history is told through an online StoryMap and can be experienced in-home on your computer or on your smartphone as you walk the trail along the Potomac River. (StoryMap)

• Harriet Williams, Independent Enslaved Woman (112-114 South St. Asaph St.). (Information on the Alexandria Courthouse excavations, 44AX1) 
• Cressey, Pamela J. To Witness the Past: African American Archaeology in Alexandria, Virginia. Exhibit Catalogue. Alexandria Archaeology Publications, 1993. (Contact the Alexandria Archaeology Museum to review this catalogue.)
• Cressey, Pamela J. The Archaeology of Free Blacks in Alexandria, Virginia. Alexandria Archaeology Publications, No. 19, 1985. (Contact the Alexandria Archaeology Museum to review this document.)
• Cressey, Pamela J. An Enduring Afro-American Neighborhood: An Archaeological Perspective from Alexandria, Virginia, Black Heritage, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 1-10, 1980. (Contact the Alexandria Archaeology Museum to review this document.)

• Walker, Mark K Walker, Elizabeth A. Crowell, Madeleine Pappas, Jesse Daugherty and Christopher Martin. Archaeological Evaluation of the Alfred Street Baptist Church (44AX161), Alexandria, Virginia.  Engineering Science, Chartered, Washington, D.C. , 1992.  Public Summary  (Archaeological Site Report, 44AX161)
• Roberts Memorial United Methodist Church, 150th Anniversary, 1982. This booklet provides a history of the church at 604 S. Washington Street.

The Slave Pen, 1315 Duke Street

• Freedom House Museum (Learn about visiting the museum)

• Building and Property History, 1315 Duke Street. Benjamin Skolnik, Office of Historic Alexandria (2021)

  • Appendix A: 1315 Duke Street Chain of Title, Prepared by Sue Shuman, Office of Historic Alexandria
  • Appendix B: Conjectural Plans
  • Appendix C: 1984 Renovation Plans
  • Appendix D: 2005 Renovation Plans
  • Appendix E: 2020 City of Alexandria Renovation Plans
• "A Loathsome Prison:” Slave Trading in Antebellum Alexandria (Lesson Plan)
• Artemel, Janice G., Elizabeth A. Crowell and Jeff Parker. The Alexandria Slave Pen: The Archaeology of Urban Captivity. Engineering-Science, Inc., Washington, D.C., 1987 (Archaeological Site Report, 44AX75)
• Traum, Sarah, Joseph Balicki and Brian Corle. A Documentary Study, Archeological Evaluation and Resource Management Plan for 1323 Duke Street, Alexandria, Virginia. John Milner Associates, Inc., Alexandria, VA., 2007
• Slaves in the Alexandria Jail, 1861. This article, from the National Republican of January 20, 1862, was taken from a letter addressed to Massachusetts’ anti-slavery Senator Henry Wilson. It expresses outrage at the poor conditions and inhumanity of treatment of slaves in the Alexandria Jail, even under federal occupation. (Courtesy, Friends of Freedmen’s Cemetery)
   

The Bruin Slave Jail, 1701 Duke Street

• Kraus, Lisa, John Bedell and Charles LeeDecker. Archaeology of the Bruin Slave Jail (Site 44AX0172).  The Louis Berger Group, Inc., Washington, D.C., 2010.   Public Summary (Archaeological Site Report, 44AX172)
• Underground Railroad: Journey to Freedom (National Park Service website)

Contrabands and Freemen Cemetery

• Contrabands & Freedmen Cemetery Memorial
• Alexandria Archaeology Museum's Contraband and Freedmen Cemetery Brochure (brochure)
• Sipe, Boyd, with Francine W. Bromberg, Steven Shephard, Pamela J. Cressey, and Eric Larsen. The Contrabands and Freedmen Cemetery Memorial, City of Alexandria, Virginia. Archaeological Data Recovery at Site 44AX0179. Thunderbird Archaeology, a division of Wetland Studies, Gainesville, VA and Alexandria Archaeology, Office of Historic Alexandria, 2014.(Contact Alexandria Archaeology Museum to view Archaeological Site Report, AX179.)
• Friends of Freedmen’s Cemetery website includes an extensive collection of transcriptions of primary resources
• Records of Burials and Death Among the Freedmen in Alexandria, Virginia “The Gladwin Record.” (Courtesy, Friends of Freedmen’s Cemetery)
• Oral Histories Interviews with Contrabands and Freedmen Cemetery descendants.
  Joyce Paige Abney
  Lucian Johnson
  Paula Haskins Williams
   

Black Soldiers in the Civil War

• Fighting for Freedom: Black Union Soldiers of the Civil War. (Courtesy, Fort Ward Museum)
• Miller, Jr., Edward A. Volunteers for Freedom: Black Civil War Soldiers in Alexandria’s National Cemetery, Part I. Historic Alexandria Quarterly, Fall 1998.
• Miller, Jr., Edward A. Volunteers for Freedom: Black Civil War Soldiers in Alexandria’s National Cemetery, Part II. Historic Alexandria Quarterly, Winter 1998.
• Convalescent Soldiers in L’Ouverture Hospital "Express Our Views" on Burial Location. (Courtesy, Friends of Freedmen’s Cemetery)
• Traum, Sarah, Joseph Balicki and Brian Corle. A Documentary Study, Archeological Evaluation and Resource Management Plan for 1323 Duke Street, Alexandria, Virginia . John Milner Associates, Inc., Alexandria, VA., 2007.  Public Summary  (Archaeological Site Report. In 1864, this site became part of the L'Ouverture Hospital for African American soldiers.)

The Fort Neighborhood

• Fort Ward Park & Museum Site Interpretive Plan

Interpretive Signage and Brochure

• “The Fort” Heritage Trail (brochure)
• From Civil War to Civil Rights. A timeline of the African American community, “The Fort,” established here from after the Civil War and continuing into the Civil Rights Era of the 1960s. (Heritage Trail sign)
• African Americans and the Civil War. Fleeing, fighting and working for freedom. (Heritage Trail sign)
• Within Its Walls – A Foundation for Education and Opportunity. The community’s children were educated in the one-room “Colored School Building at Seminary, and later at the Seminary School for African Americans. (Heritage Trail sign)
• The Oakland Baptist Church. Several members of The Fort were founders of the Oakland Baptist Church. (Heritage Trail sign)
• The Oakland Baptist Church Cemetery. Originally a small family cemetery, the land was conveyed to the Oakland Baptist Church in 1939. (Heritage Trail sign)
• The Jackson Cemetery. In 1884, James F. Jackson purchased the largest parcel in The Fort.  The Jacksons later established a cemetery on part of the land. (Heritage Trail sign)

Facebook page   

• The Fort Ward and Seminary African American Descendants Society

Oral History transcriptions

• Maydell Casey Belk 
• Julia Bradby 
• Keating Karig Carrier 
• Elizabeth Douglas 
• Mary Crozet Wood Johnson 
• Charles McKnight 
• Edmonia Smith McKnight 
• Joseph John Moraski 
• Dorothy Hall Smith and Barbara Ashby Gordon 
• Sgt. Lee Thomas Young, 1996 interview
• Sgt. Lee Thomas Young, 2009 interview

Archaeological Reports

• Draft Inventory of Historical Resources: Fort Ward Park, City of Alexandria, September 10, 2009
• Report on Ground-Penetrating Radar Surveys: Possible Cemeteries Within Fort Ward Historical Park, Alexandria, Virginia. Sarah Lowry, October 19-20, 2009
• Fort Ward Processes and Timelines , Letter from City of Alexandria to Ad Hoc Stakeholders Advisory Group, December 22, 2010
• Fort Ward Documentary Study and Archaeological Investigation , Alexandria Archaeology, Status Update, December 8, 2010
• Initial Recommendations for Archaeology and History at Fort Ward Park , Alexandria Archaeology, January 2011
• Recommendations for the Management of Fort Ward Historical Park. Ad Hoc Fort Ward Park and Museum Area Ad Hoc Fort Ward Park and Museum Area Stakeholders Advisory Group for the City of Alexandria, Virginia, January 2011.
• Archaeological Investigations at Fort Ward Historical Park, Alexandria, Virginia, 2010–2011 , PowerPoint Presentation, Tom Bodor, The Ottery Group, February 5, 2011
• Archaeological Investigation of Fort Ward/"The Fort" 1961-2011, PowerPoint Presentation, Alexandria Archaeology, October 12, 2011
• Fort Ward Stage 1 Archaeology Survey and Stage 2A Archaeology related to Interim Drainage Project , Alexandria Archaeology, March 2012
• Fort Ward Stage 2 Archaeology Update , Alexandria Archaeology, April 4, 2012
• Update on Stage 2 Archaeological Survey of Fort Ward Park , Alexandria Archaeology, April 24, 2012
• Archaeology Work - Photos, August 24, 2012
• Fort Ward Stage 2 Progress Report – September 11, 2012
• Fort Ward Preliminary Shovel Test Map - September 12, 2012
• Fort Ward Preliminary Civil War Archaeology Resource Map - September 11, 2012
• Fort Ward Stage I and IIA Excavations for Grave Identification - September 12, 2012
• Krystyn R. Moon. Finding The Fort: A History of an African American Neighborhood in Northern Virginia, 1860s-1960s, 2014 (Revised 2017). (Contact Alexandria Archaeology Museum to view report).
   

Other Neighborhoods

• Anderson, Adrian D. The African American Heritage Park, Alexandria, Virginia. Draft manuscript. Tellus Consultants Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1992. (Archaeological Site Report, 44AX136, Silver Leaf Black Baptist Cemetery)
• Adams, Robert M. The Archaeological Investigation of the Undeveloped Upland Terraces in Mark Center, City of Alexandria, Virginia. International Archaeological Consultants, Rawlins, Wyoming, 1994.  Public Summary (Archaeological Site Report, 44AX162, slave or tenant house)
• Sipe, Boyd and Kimberly Snyder. Documentary Study and Archeological Resource Assessment for the James Bland Homes, City of Alexandria, Virginia . Thunderbird Archeology, Gainesville, Virginia.  Public Summary  (Archaeological Site Report, 44AX211 and 212)
• Sipe, Boyd. Archeological Evaluation Report (Phase I Archeological Investigation) and Research Management Plan for the James Bland Development Property, City of Alexandria, Virginia . Thunderbird Archeology, Gainesville, Virginia, 2010. Public Summary  (Archaeological Site Report, 44AX211 and 212)

• Cunningham, Roger D. We are an orderly body of men”: Virginia’s Black “Immunes” in the Spanish-American War. Historic Alexandria Quarterly, Summer 2001.

• Alexandria Community Remembrance Project
• Lynching in America: Confronting the Legacy of Racial Terror. The Equal Justice Initiative, 2015.
• Commentary: A Man Was Lynched in Alexandria: 120 Years Ago Today
  Audrey Davis, Director, Alexandria Black History Museum. The Alexandria Gazette Packet, August 12, 2019
• Healing Alexandria’s History of Racial Terror: Community commemorates 1899 lynching near Market Square. Eliza Esher, The Alexandria Gazette Packet, August 19, 2019 http://www.connectionnewspapers.com/news/2019/aug/19/healing-alexandrias-history-racial-terror/
• ‘Profound Regret’ for History of Lynchings in Virginia: General Assembly seeks reconciliation. Kaytlin Nickens, Capital News Service. The Alexandria Gazette Packet, February 12, 2019 
• Flashes of Violence in Alexandria’s History. Vernon Miles. The Alexandria Gazette Packet, June 12, 2017 

• History of the Parker-Gray Schools
• Parker-Gray School Archives and the Online Collection
• Lyles, Mable T. Caught Between Two Systems (Desegregating Alexandria's Schools 1954-1973). Written by Alexandria native and former educator, this book takes the reader behind the actions which helped to desegregate the Alexandria schools. (Available for purchase from The Alexandria Shop.)

• History of the Alexandria Black History Museum. The Sit-Down Strike and the Robinson Library.
• Samuel Wilbert Tucker. Unsung Hero of the Civil Rights Movement (a short history)
• Out of Obscurity (CD) 2013 documentary on Samuel Wilbert Tucker the Sit-Down Strike. (CD available for purchase at the museum.)
• Silcox, Nancy Noyes. Samuel Wilbert Tucker, the Story of a Civil Rights Trailblazer and the 1939 Alexandria Library Sit-In (Children's Book). Children's book on the life of famed attorney and civil rights activist Samuel Wilbert Tucker, illustrated and appropriate for 4th - 6th grade students. (Book available for purchase from The Alexandria Shop.)
• McCargo Bah, Char, Christa Watters, Audrey P. Davis, Gwendolyn Brown-Henderson and James E. Henson, Sr. African Americans of Alexandria Virginia: Beacons of Light in the Twentieth Century. The History Press, 2013. (Book available for purchase from The Alexandria Shop)
• America's First Sit-Down Strike: The 1939 Alexandria Library Sit-In (Lesson Plan)

The Ramsay Homes

• The Ramsey Homes: An Example of Early Public Housing in Alexandria
• Historic Context and Significance Statement (August 2015)
• Historic American Building Survey (December 2015)
• Documentary Study and Archaeological Resource Assessment (April 2016)
  Two-page abstract  
• Archaeological Evaluation (Phase I/II Archaeological Investigations) (September 2016) 
  One-page abstract 
• Resource Management Plan (Data Recovery Treatment for the Portion of Site 44AX0160 Located Within the Ramsey Homes Property) (May 2017)
• Management Summary, Phase III of Site 44AX0160 (October 2018)

The James Bland Homes

• Sipe, Boyd and Kimberly Snyder. Documentary Study and Archeological Resource Assessment for the James Bland Homes, City of Alexandria, Virginia. Thunderbird Archeology, Gainesville, Virginia. Public Summary  (Archaeological Site Report, 44AX211 and 212)
• Sipe, Boyd. Archeological Evaluation Report (Phase I Archeological Investigation) and Research Management Plan for the James Bland Development Property, City of Alexandria, Virginia. Thunderbird Archeology, Gainesville, Virginia, 2010. Public Summary  (Archaeological Site Report, 44AX211 and 212)