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City of Alexandria, VA
Alexandria Police Memorial: History
History of the Alexandria Police DepartmentThe history of law enforcement in Alexandria, Virginia is as rich as that of the city itself. Located on the Potomac River, just outside of Washington, D.C., Alexandria is considered the hometown of George Washington and Robert E. Lee. It has evolved from an 18th-century seaport town to a struggling community that was home to both the railroad and waterfront industries to a thriving city that values its historic resources, high-tech companies, and diverse population. Alexandria, twice named an All-America City, has fallen under different flags in its 250-plus-year history, first under England before the American Revolution, then from 1801 to 1847 under Washington, D.C., and finally under Virginia. By 1797, it had organized a full night watch with watchmen paid $150 annually, who, according to a town council action, were “to patrol and take charge of such disorderly and suspicious persons.” Constables and later policemen were responsible for law enforcement during daylight hours, and this system continued until the Civil War. Alexandria rejoined the commonwealth in 1847, and when Virginia seceded in 1861, Alexandria, as part of the confederacy, was quickly occupied by Union forces that remained throughout the war. Following Reconstruction, Virginia rejoined the Union, and Alexandria's police force was reorganized. On July 15, 1870, city leaders ended the night watch system, dismantled the daylight police force, and formally authorized the creation of the Alexandria Police Department. By the end of the month, a captain, lieutenant, and 19 policemen were on duty. Police in the riverfront town faced challenges ranging from petty thieves to drunken sailors to the occasional murder. The police station, jail, and court were housed on North Fairfax Street in the present-day city hall. At the station house, the senior officer kept an activity log and recorded arrests, weather conditions, and criminal offenses. Death sentences were carried out nearby, with hangings in 1873 and 1908. In 1897, a lynch mob overtook the station, removed a prisoner, and killed him at the corner of King and Fairfax Streets. By the early 1900s, Alexandria, a few dozen streets blocked in a grid, looked toward expansion. In 1915 and 1930, the city annexed the railroad communities of St. Elmo, Rosemont, and Potomac from Arlington and soon doubled in size. Police needed mororized vehicles to reach the residential area today known as Del Ray, and the department hired more officers to serve the outlying area. Police were tasked with enforcing Prohibition laws, and as road accidents resulted in more injuries and deaths, traffic safety became a priority. In the 1930s, the department took major steps to improve and professionalize itself and its services. It implemented a system to photograph suspects and record their physical attrributes. The commanders also opened a week-long training program that all recruits would be required to pass before joining the force. In the late 1930s and early 1940s, radios installed in scout cars improved communication between headquarters and officers, though most policemen remained on foot patrol and relied on call boxes. By the mid-1940s, the department established quick communication with District police and other agencies through a radio system and Teletype machine. In 1952, Alexandria expanded again, annexing an eight-square-mile tract to the west from Fairfax County. Though sparsely populated, the West End required a significant increase in police power and resources. The number of patrol cars soon surpassed the motorcycle fleet, and the department quickly outgrew the old station house on North Fairfax. In May 1959, the department moved to 400 North Pitt Street, its new headquarters with holding cells, a radio room, roll-call space, a parking lot and its own gas pumps. New tactics emerged, and a canine unit was established in 1959 and yielded immediate results with the capture of felons and rescues of lost children. Efforts to professionalize police service continued, and though new officers were receiving a week of training in Richmond, the need for stronger education was clear. In 1965, Alexandria joined the Arlington and Fairfax County police departments in opening the Northern Virginia Police Acadmey in Fairfax. All new officers began receiving intensive and consistent training in basic criminal law, physical fitness, search and arrest techniques, firearms use, emergency vehicle operation, and traffic safety. The 1960s in Alexandria saw both the positive change of the civil rights movement and the emergence of drug abuse and increased street cirme. When racial issues caused sporadic crowd distrurbances, the department established a community relations team dedicated to improving communication between the police and minorities. With a rise in vice-related crimed in Alexandria's downtown district, police worked to shut down gambling operations, unlicensed wine houses, and illegal massage parlors. Soon gun violence was taking its toll, and the annual homicide rate routinely reached double digits. In the 1970s, the department organized a group of officers with special tactical training. Equipped with high-powered weapons and protective helmets, the Special Operations Team was deployed to critical incidents like hostage situtations. Improvements came to communications with the implementation of the 911 emergency number and computer-aided dispatching in the 1980s. Alexandria's population grew significantly, especially in the West End, where high-rise apartments soon became home to thousands. The force had grown from 80 officers in 1952 to 180 by 1970 and to 347 sworn and civilian employees by 1983. Plans to build a new, modern police headquarters began in the ealy 1980s, and the location on Mill Road, outside of Old Town, ensured adequate parking for the growing fleet of cruisers. In 1987, the police department moved into its third headquarters in a complex that houses the city detention center and the sheriff's office. In the 1980s and 1990s, technology greatly enhanced police service through 911, computer-aided dispatch, and improved crime databases. When the devastation and violence of the crack cocaine epidemic hit Alexandria, police used undercover detectives and remote surveillance to target dealers. The need for police in the community yielded a new approach in which officers were assigned full-time to at-risk neighborhoods and, in some cases, police officers moved into public housing, living as both neighbors and protectors. Through innovative tactics, high-visibility patrols, crime prevention efforts, and community outreach, serious crime fell steadily. Today Alexandrians enjoy a high quality of life, thanks largely to the work of their police officers. With more than 450 officers and civilian employees, the Alexandria Police Department is again planning to move to a new headquarters, expected to be built in the center of the city within the next 10 years. The Alexandria Police Association, established in 1927, takes tremendous pride in the dedication of its members and their service to the people of Alexandria. It is much honored to share the history of the Alexandria Police Department through photographs, artifacts, and the experiences of its members. This information is taken from the introduction of the publication "Images of America: Alexandria Police Department," Arcadia Publishing, 2006. Over the years, the Alexandria Police Department has lost seventeen members in the line of duty: Constable Elijah Chenault • August 4, 1823 Constable Elijah Chenault, 1823On August 4, 1823, Constable Elijah Chenault was attempting to seize property from Elizabeth Williams when she resisted. They began to struggle and in defense, the constable struck her with a sword cane but it had little effect, and she was able to get the sword away from the constable. Then she grabbed a wooden stick and struck him on the head with it. The blow was fatal, killing Constable Chenault within minutes. Williams was arrested and taken to jail. She was indicted for murder and in November, a jury convicted her of manslaughter. She was sentenced to a year in jail and fined $85. Constable Chenault had served for 14 years. He was survived by his wife Elizabeth and several children. His final resting place is unknown. Constable Chenault’s murder is the earliest known line of duty death of a law enforcement officer in Virginia. Watchman Gerrard Arnold, 1827During the early 1800s, Alexandria had both policemen and night watchmen. Watchmen had arrest powers and were authorized law enforcement officers, earning $150 a year to patrol designated wards from 10 p.m. to daybreak. On March 20, 1817, the Alexandria Common Council elected Gerrard Arnold and ten others as watchmen to serve one-year terms. Watchman Arnold was re-elected each year for the next ten years. Watchman Arnold was born around 1780 and was a shoemaker by trade. He and his wife Elizabeth lived in a two-story house on Queen Street near North Patrick Street. They had several children before Elizabeth died. In 1827, Watchman Arnold was attempting to make an arrest at a home along the waterfront. As he approached the house, he encountered a woman trying to enter the same residence. He shoved her aside so that he could enter and continue with his lawful duties. The woman was outraged by this treatment and told her husband, Willis Anderson, how the watchman had treated her. Watchman Arnold later apologized to Anderson for offending his wife. However Anderson became drunk and retaliated against Watchman Arnold. On August 30, 1827, Anderson found Watchman Arnold in a business and brutally attacked him, beating and kicking him. Watchman Arnold was critically wounded and succumbed to his injuries on September 9, 1827. Anderson fled from Alexandria and President John Quincy Adams issued a proclamation offering a $250 reward for his capture. In October, Anderson was captured in Ohio and returned to Alexandria. In November, he was tried for murder and convicted of manslaughter. His sentence is not known but he was fined $300. Watchman Arnold was survived by his children. His final resting place is unknown.
Officer Julian F. Arnold, 1887Julian F. Arnold was born on May 18, 1847, and as a young man, worked as a tailor in Alexandria. At the age of 15 he enlisted in the Confederacy. He served under General Stonewall Jackson during the Civil War and spent two months in confinement, a prisoner of war. On August 13, 1870, he became an Alexandria police officer, less than one month after the department’s official founding. Just before midnight on May 14, 1887, Officer Arnold and Officer Joseph Martin overheard two men planning a robbery of a saloon located at 1414 King Street. The saloonkeeper, Sefer Blouse, was known to keep lots of money at his establishment and that week’s receipts were especially high because a circus had just come to town. Officers Arnold and Martin enlisted two citizens to assist them. They discussed their plans, and Officers Martin and one citizen went to warn Blouse of the robbery. Officer Arnold and citizen Ernest Padgett returned to the fairgrounds, near where the suspects had been overheard earlier. They came upon the two men in a circus ring. As Officer Arnold announced the arrest, both suspects began firing. Officer Arnold returned fire, but had already been shot in the torso. The suspects fled, and Officer Arnold was taken to Blouse’s establishment. He died at 2:15 a.m. on May 15, 1887. One suspect was arrested that night and a second, Billy Williams, was apprehended a month later. The first suspect was acquitted, but Williams was convicted. He served five years in prison for Officer Arnold’s murder. Officer Arnold, three days from his 40th birthday, was survived by his pregnant wife Jennie, and his four children, Robert, Julia, Arthur and Julian. His daughter May was born four months after his murder. He is buried at Methodist Protestant Cemetery in Alexandria. Officer George W. Crump, 1893George W. Crump was born in Virginia in 1848. In his early years, he worked as a fireman on the Washington and Ohio Railroad. Later he worked for Smoot Lumber and became a member of the Friendship Fire Company. In 1891, he joined the police department. Officer Crump was described as an “efficient and trustworthy” officer, “well-known and liked by everybody.” He received recognition in April of 1893 for arresting a robber wanted in Prince George’s County. After 3 a.m. on October 28, 1893, Officer Crump and Officer Gayton Arrington were returning to headquarters after a call for disorderly subjects. They joined a third officer, James McCuen, who was on duty at the police station, then housed at City Hall. They sat around the stove and between 4 and 5 a.m., Officer McCuen dozed off. Suddenly, Officer McCuen jumped up. Still half-dazed, he drew his pistol and fired it at Officer Crump. The round struck Officer Crump in the left knee. Officer Arrington observed Officer McCuen cocking the pistol again and immediately grabbed his arm and yelled. This woke Officer McCuen, who then realized what he had done. Officer Crump’s wound was tended to and he was driven to his home to recover. At a mayoral inquiry, Officer McCuen stated he had dreamt a dog was coming at him and explained that he must have fired at the imaginary dog. He was suspended for 30 days for dereliction of duty and falling asleep. Officer Crump’s injury proved to be very serious and because the round was lodged so deeply in his leg, doctors were unable to remove it. Infection set in and two months later, Officer Crump’s condition became grave. He died at his home just before 10 p.m. on December 28, 1893, at the age of 45. Officer Crump was survived by his wife Emily and their five children. He is buried at Bethel Cemetery in Alexandria.
Officer Walker W. Campbell, 1919Walker W. Campbell was born in Virginia on January 28, 1869, and grew up in Charlottesville. He became an Alexandria police officer on December 1, 1910. He was considered a “brave and efficient officer” and one of the most “trustworthy” in the department. Officer Campbell was one of ten officers who went on strike in 1918, demanding better pay. Those arrested by Officer Campbell included murderers and robbers, as well as poker players and owners of unmuzzled dogs. For a number of years, his son, William, worked with him, and the younger Campbell would one day become head of the department. On February 14, 1919, Officer Campbell was working with Officer C.A. Padgett when around 2:15 a.m., they heard a disturbance at the corner of King and Washington streets. A man in a soldier’s uniform had taken a drink from a whiskey flask and then thrown the empty flask into the street. Both officers approached the man and placed him in custody. They began to walk along the south side of King Street. They were between St. Asaph and Pitt streets when the prisoner, James H. Lawrence, pulled a pistol from his pocket. Both officers struggled with him, but Lawrence broke away from Officer Campbell’s grip. As Officer Padgett attempted to restrain him, Lawrence fired the gun, shooting Officer Campbell in the abdomen. Officer Campbell was taken to Alexandria Hospital where he died of his injuries at 7 p.m. on February 16, 1919. Lawrence, age 24, had recently been discharged from the army and was working as a special police officer for the railroad at Potomac Yard. He was convicted of involuntary manslaughter and sentenced to nine months in jail. Officer Campbell, age 50, was survived by his wife Annie, and his two sons, William and Clarence. His widow would be the first in Alexandria to receive worker compensation benefits. He is buried at St. Paul’s Cemetery in Alexandria.
Sergeant Elton B. Hummer, 1928Elton B. Hummer was born in Loudoun on August 15, 1898, the youngest of four children of Alpheus and Clara Hummer. He grew up in present-day Sterling and worked there on the family farm. As an unmarried adult, he lived with his elderly parents at 806 Duke Street. On August 17, 1927, he became an Alexandria police officer. Officer Hummer immediately enjoyed success at the police department and was promoted to the rank of sergeant on June 1, 1928. He played on the police baseball team and was described as “one of the most popular officers on the force." As Sergeant Hummer began his midnight shift on August 18, 1928, he said goodnight to his parents and left his home. About an hour later, he was on foot in the same neighborhood, checking the outlying beats. He was literally just around the corner from his own home when he was shot. Witnesses report hearing two men talking in the alley next to 224 South Alfred Street. They then heard one man warn the other in a raised voice that this was the "last time." Two shots rang out in close succession and a third followed. When neighbors ran to see what had happened, they found Sergeant Hummer critically injured on the pavement. Sergeant Hummer’s weapon was still near his hand and he was barely alive when neighbors reached him. He had been shot in the chest and groin, and when he arrived at Alexandria Hospital he was pronounced dead. Some neighbors told police that after they heard gunfire, they saw a man running west on Duke Street, holding his side as though he were injured. Investigation concluded that Sergeant Hummer was shot twice with an automatic .45-caliber gun. He had managed to fire his weapon once. A massive manhunt ensued and all available resources, from an airplane to ballistic experts, were used to search for the assailant. But Sergeant Hummer’s murderer was never identified. Sergeant Hummer, 30, was survived by his parents and brother, Milton. He is buried at Ivy Hill Cemetery in Alexandria.
Sergeant Charles R. McClary, 1929Charles R. McClary was born April 8, 1897, in Orange County, one of the oldest of more than a dozen children born to John and Viola McClary. He served in World War I, moved to Alexandria and married Nora Toombs. On December 21, 1925, he joined the Alexandria Police Department. Charlie McClary, one of the most popular officers on the force, was promoted to sergeant on June 1, 1928. He served in the traffic unit on a motorcycle. His younger brother, Clarence, also joined the department though the two would not serve together long. On June 20, 1929, around 9:05 p.m., Sergeant McClary and Sergeant Edgar Sims were investigating a liquor complaint at a residence in the 500 block of North Patrick Street. Sergeant Sims was at the rear and Sergeant McClary was in front when he saw a man emerge from the dark alley. The man pulled a gun and fired repeatedly at the officer, striking him once in the neck. The gunman then fled. Sergeant Sims ran to the stricken officer, who said, “They got me.” Sergeant Sims put Sergeant McClary in a car and sped to Alexandria Hospital. They attempted to operate on him, but he was dead. His weapon still holstered, he never had a chance to defend himself. The gunman was identified as William Kidd, who was also known as Kid Lilly and John Gaines. Kidd, 51, had been wanted for shooting a woman in Pittsylvania County, and Sergeant McClary had captured him three weeks earlier. But while being transported, Kidd escaped and returned to Alexandria, where he encountered Sergeant McClary and shot him. Nearly four years would pass before Kidd was captured and returned to Alexandria. On February 17, 1933, he pleaded guilty to killing Sergeant McClary and was sentenced to life in prison. Sergeant McClary, 32, was survived by his wife Nora and their five children. He is buried at Bethel Cemetery in Alexandria.
Private Whitfield W. Lipscombe, 1930Whitfield W. Lipscombe was born in Virginia on May 9, 1908. The son of a railroad worker, he grew up in Lynchburg where he lived with his sister, aunt, uncle and cousins. As a teen, he worked as a store clerk and in a shoe repair shop. He later moved to Alexandria where he lived with his father at the Scottish Rite Club on North Alfred Street. On August 2, 1929, he became an Alexandria police officer. On the afternoon of September 4, 1930, Private Lipscombe was at the fire station in Potomac (present-day Del Ray), when an alarm sounded. The firefighters were called to a car and brush fire along Four Mile Run. When they set off in a new engine truck, Private Lipscombe jumped on the back to assist with directing traffic at the fire scene. Engine No. 2 traveled north on the Washington-Richmond Highway (now U.S. Route 1) and was just approaching Four Mile Run when a truck cut in front. The firefighter driving the apparatus swerved to avoid a collision but the large fire truck overturned, wrecking in a ditch. Private Lipscombe was struck by the hose and thrown from the fire truck, suffering a broken neck and fractured skull. He was transported to Alexandria Hospital where he was pronounced dead on arrival around 2:30 p.m. Three firefighters on the truck were also injured, but all survived. The truck that cut in front of the fire engine was not identified. Private Lipscombe, age 22, was survived by his parents Harry and Nellie, three sisters and one brother. He is buried at Spring Hill Cemetery in Lynchburg.
Private August Perault Pierce, 1930August Perault Pierce was born on August 21, 1898 in New London, Connecticut, and he later lived in Rhode Island. Known as "Auggie" to his family, he joined the Navy in 1917, during World War I, and served until 1924, with duties as a painter. He married and lived in the Arlington community of Lyon Park. On January 6, 1930, he became an Alexandria police officer and was known to his fellow officers as "Perry." In the early morning of September 7, 1930, Private Pierce was patrolling the Alexandria-Washington Highway (present day U.S. Route 1), searching for a robbery suspect who was wanted for committing a number of hold-ups throughout that night. Around 4:30 a.m., Private Pierce observed a man matching the suspect’s description near Four Mile Run. He asked a passing citizen to follow him and drove away, but when the citizen arrived, he found Private Pierce and a second man on the ground. He went to get help and both men were taken to Alexandria Hospital where Private Pierce was pronounced dead. The second man, shot multiple times, was still alive. Investigation revealed that Private Pierce had confronted the suspect at a car barn. The two struggled and when the suspect displayed a .32-caliber gun, Private Pierce fired his weapon, striking the suspect. The suspect fired multiple times and one shot hit Private Pierce in the chest, severing the aorta. Police found both weapons and determined at least ten rounds had been fired in the fierce gunfight. The suspect, Owen Wroten of Denmark, South Carolina, died the next day. He was believed to be in his late teens to early 20s. Witnesses identified him as the robber police were searching for. He was also suspected in the murders of two railroad police officers in the weeks before coming to Alexandria. Private Pierce was 32 years old and was survived by his wife Marie, and a sister. He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery.
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