Charles Hamilton Houston Memorial: More Information

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Links

Charles Hamilton Houston:
• Biography of Charles Hamilton Houston on web site of Cornell University Law School
• Brown@50 web site
• Charles H. Houston Center at Clemson University 
• Charles Hamilton Houston Institute for Race and Justice at Harvard Law School
• Encyclopedia Britannica's Guide to Black History
• Howard University School of Law
• Law Office of Charles Hamilton Houston III
• NAACP
• “The Road to Brown” Video available on PBS
• Washington Bar Association's Houston Medallion of Merit 

Parker-Gray:
• Alexandria Black History Museum 
• Alexandria Gazette Packet Article, "The Fight for Parker-Gray High School" by Sarah Becker
• "Bonds to Education: Alexandria's Black Public Education, 1800-1965" exhibit 
• Braddock Metro Neighborhood Plan
• Development Special Use Permit for the Charles Houston Recreation Center
• Historic Designation of Parker-Gray Neighborhood - Application  
• Parker-Gray Web Site
• Virginia African American Heritage Program 

Other:
• Northern Virginia Urban League

Bibliography 

Books

• Genna Rae McNeil, Groundwork: Charles Hamilton Houston and the Struggle for Civil Rights (U. of Pa. Press 1983)
• Jack Greenberg, Crusaders in the Courts: How a Dedicated Band of Lawyers Fought for the Civil Rights Revolution (Basic Books 1994) 
• Mabel Lyles, Caught Between Two Systems: Desegregating Alexandria's School 1954 - 1973
• J. Clay Smith, Jr.,  Emancipation: The Making of the Black Lawyer, 1844-1944 (U. of Pa. Press 1993)
• Mark V. Tushnet, The NAACP's Legal Strategy Against Segregated Education, 1925-1950 (UNC Press 1987)
• Richard Kluger, Simple Justice: The History of Brown v. Board of Education and Black America's Struggle for Equality (Vintage Books, 1977)

Articles

Charles Hamilton Houston Commemorative Issue, 32 How. L. J. (1989)

• Leland Ware, A Difference in Emphasis: Charles Houston's Transformation of Legal Education, 32 How. L. J. 479 (1989)
• J. Clay Smith, Jr., Principles Supplementing the Houstonian School of Jurisprudence: Occasional Paper No. 1, 32 How. L. J. 493 (1989)
• Steven H. Hobbs, From the Shoulders of Houston: a Vision for Social and Economic Justice, 32 How. L. J. 505 (1989)
• Herbert O. Reid, Introduction, 32 How. L. J. x (1989)
• Genna Rae McNeil, Charles Hamilton Houston: 1895-1950, 32 How. L. J. 469 (1989)

• Charles Hamilton Houston Symposium, 27 New England L. Rev. (1993)
• John C. Brittain, The Culture of Civil Rights Lawyers: A Tribute to Justice Thurgood Marshall, 61 Conn. L. Rev. 1 (1992) (including copious discussion of Charles Hamilton Houston)
• Sandra Fitzpatrick and Maria R. Goodwin, The Guide to Black Washington, rev. ed. (New York: Hippocrene Books, 1999)
• David M.P. Freund and Marya Annette McQuirter, Biographical Supplement and Index, Young Oxford History of African Americans (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997)
• A. Leon Higginbotham Jr., Reflections on the Impact of Charles Hamilton Houston - from a Unique Perspective 27 New England L. Rev. 605(1993)(from 1980 Amherst College symposium "Men of Amherst: Charles Hamilton Houston Forum")
• Nathaniel R. Jones, The Sisyphean Impact on Houstonian Jurisprudence (attorney Charles Hamilton Houston), 69 U. Cincinnati L. Rev. 435 (2001)
• Richard, Kluger, The Legal Scholar Who Plotted the Road to Integrated Education, J. Blacks in Higher Ed., 66 (Sum. 1994)
• Walter J. Leonard, Charles Hamilton Houston and the Search for a Just Society, 22 N. Carolina Central L. J. 1 (1996)
• Jennifer L. Levi, Paving the Road: A Charles Hamilton Houston Approach to Securing Trans Rights, 7 Wm & Mary J. Women & the Law 5 (2000)
• Genna Rae McNeil,  To Meet the Group Needs: The Transformation of Howard University School of Law, 1920-1935, in New Perspectives on Black Educational History. (Vincent P. Franklin and James D. Anderson, eds., G. K. Hall, 1978)
• Michael Wilson Reed, The Contribution of Charles Hamilton Houston to American Jurisprudence, 30 How. L. J. 1095 (1987)
• Mark Tushnet, The Politics of Equality in Constitutional Law:  The Equal Protection Clause, Dr. Du Bois, and Charles Hamilton Houston, 74 J. Am. History 884 (1987)

Tributes

• Robert L. Carter, William T. Coleman Jr., Jack Greenberg, Genna Rae McNeil, J. Clay Smith Jr, In Tribute: Charles Hamilton Houston, 111 Harv. L. Rev. 2148 (1998) (5 testimonials)
• Roger A. Fairfax, Jr., Wielding the Double-edged Sword: Charles Hamilton Houston and Judicial Activism in the Age of Legal Realism, 14 Harv. Blackletter L.J. 17 (1998) (A Tribute to Charles Hamilton Houston)
• J. Clay Smith Jr., E. Desmond Hogan, Remembered Hero, Forgotten Contribution: Charles Hamilton Houston, Legal Realism, and Labor Law, 14 Harv. Blackletter L.J. 1 (1998) (A Tribute to Charles Hamilton Houston)

Publications of Charles Hamilton Houston

• Commonwealth v. William Brown. Opportunity 11 (April 1933): 109.
• The George Crawford Case: An Experiment in Social Statesmanship. Nation (July 4, 1934): 17 (with Leon A. Ransom).
• TVA: Lily White Reconstruction. Crisis 41 (October 1934): 209 (with John P. Davis).
• The Need for Negro Lawyers. Journal of Negro Education 4 (January 1935): 49.
• Educational Inequalities Must Go. Crisis 42 (October 1935): 300.
• Cracking Closed University Doors. Crisis 42 (December 1935): 364.
• Glass Aided School Inequalities. Crisis 43 (January 1936): 15.
• How to Fight for Better Schools. Crisis 43 (February 1936): 52.
• Don't Shout Too Soon. Crisis 43 (March 1936): 79.
• A Challenge to Negro College Youth. Crisis 45 (January 1938): 14.
• Future Policies and Practices Which Should Govern the Relationship of the Federal Government to Negro Separate Schools. Journal of Negro Education 7 (July 1938): 460.
• Saving the World for Democracy. Pittsburgh Courier, July 20, 27, August 2, 17, 24, 31, September 7, 14, 21, 28, & October 5, 12, 1940.
• Critical Summary: The Negro in the U.S. Armed Forces in World War I and II. Journal of Negro Education 12 (Summer 1943): 364.
• Foul Employment Practice on the Rails. Crisis 56 (October 1949): 269.

Cases

Supreme Court of the United States:
• New York Central Railroad v. Chisholm, 268 U.S. 29 (1925).
• Bountiful Brick v. Giles, 276 U.S. 154 (1928).
• Nixon v. Condon, 286 U.S. 73 (1932).
• Hollins v. Oklahoma, 295 U.S. 394 (1935).
• Hale v. Kentucky, 303 U.S. 613 (1938).
• Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada, 305 U.S. 337 (1938).
• Steele v. Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company, 323 U.S. 192 (1944).
• Tunstall v. Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen, Ocean Lodge No. 76, 323 U.S. 210 (1944).
• Fisher v. United States, 328 U.S. 463 (1946).
• Hurd v. Hodge, 334 U.S. 24 (1948).
• Shelley v. Kraemer, 334 U.S. 1 (1948).

Other Courts:
• Murray v. Hurst, 163 A. 183 (Md. 1933).
• Pearson v. Murray, 182 A. 590 (Md. 1936).
• Williams v. Zimmerman, 192 A. 353 (Md. 1937).
• State ex rel. Gaines v. Canada, 131 S.W.2d 217 (Mo. 1939).
• Bluford v. Canada, 119 F.2d 779 (8th Cir. 1941).
• Carter v. Provident Insurance, 122 F.2d 960 (D.C. Cir. 1941).
• State ex rel. Bluford v. Canada, 153 S.W.2d 12 (Mo. 1941).
• Bailey v. Zlotnick, 133 F.2d 35 (D.C. Cir. 1942).
• Hundley v. Gorewitz, 132 F.2d 23 (D.C. Cir. 1942).
• Teague v. Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen & Enginemen, 127 F.2d 53 (6th Cir. 1942).
• Durkee v. Murphy, 29 A.2d 253 (Md. 1943).
• Legions v. Commonwealth, 23 S.E.2d 764 (Va. 1943).
• Ross v. Hartman, 139 F.2d 14 (D.C. Cir. 1943).
• Gibson v. Industrial Bank of Washington, 36 A.2d 62 (D.C. 1944).
• Hamburger v. Bailey, 36 A.2d 720 (D.C. 1944).
• Klein v. Miles, 35 A.2d 243 (D.C. 1944).
• Steele v. Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company, 16 So.2d 416 (Ala. 1944).
• Tunstall v. Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen & Enginemen, 140 F.2d 35 (4th Cir. 1944).
• Bailey v. Zlotnick, 149 F.2d 505 (D.C. Cir. 1945).
• Fisher v. United States, 149 F.2d 28 (D.C. Cir. 1945).
• Hurd v. Letts, 152 F.2d 121 (D.C. Cir. 1945).
• Kerr v. Enoch Pratt Free Library, 149 F.2d 212 (4thCir. 1945).
• Tunstall v. Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen & Enginemen, 148 F.2d 403 (4th Cir. 1945).
• Urciolo v. O'Connor, 149 F.2d 386 (D.C. Cir. 1945).
• Hurd v. Hodge, 162 F.2d 233 (D.C. Cir. 1946).
• Tunstall v. Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen & Enginemen, 69 F. Supp. 826 (E.D. Va. 1946).
• Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen & Enginemen v. Tunstall, 163 F.2d 289 (4th Cir. 1947).
• Gilmer v. Brown, 44 S.E.2d 16 (Va. 1947).
• Howard v. Thompson, 72 F. Supp. 695 (E.D. Mo. 1947).
• Jones v. State, 52 A.2d 484 (Md. 1947).
• Goetz v. Smith, 62 A.2d 602 (Md. 1948).
• Hampton v. Thompson, 171 F.2d 535 (5th Cir. 1948).
• Hinton v. Seaboard Air Line Railroad, 170 F.2d 892 (4th Cir. 1948).
• Law v. Baltimore, 78 F. Supp. 346 (D. Md. 1948).
• Norris v. Baltimore, 78 F. Supp. 451 (D. Md. 1948).
• Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen & Enginemen v. Palmer, 178 F.2d 722 (D.C. Cir. 1949).
• Chissell v. Mayor of Baltimore, 69 A.2d 53 (Md. 1949).
• Griffin v. Illinois Central Railroad, 88 F. Supp. 552 (N.D. Ill. 1949).
• James v. State, 65 A.2d 888 (Md. 1949).
• Lawson v. United States, 176 F.2d 49 (D.C. Cir. 1949).
• Salvant v. Louisville & Nashville Railroad, 83 F. Supp. 391 (W.D. Ky. 1949).
• State ex rel. St. Louis-San Francisco Railway v. Russell, 219 S.W.2d 340 (Mo. 1949).
• McCready v. Byrd, 73 A.2d 8 (Md. 1950).
• Rolax v. Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, 91 F. Supp. 585 (E.D. Va. 1950).
• Howard v. St. Louis-San Francisco Railway, 191 F.2d 442 (8th Cir. 1951).

The above listings include information posted on the brown@50.org and CharlesHamiltonHouston.org web sites.

Charles Hamilton Houston Quotes

"I made up my mind that if I got through this war, I would study law and use my time fighting for men who could not strike back."

"[Negro lawyers]...have no equal as a class in sober self-respect, quiet confidence, and sense of duty."

"The most encouraging thing about the present status of the Negro lawyer is that in integrity he stands above."

"This fight for equality of educational opportunity (was) not an isolated struggle. All our struggles must tie in together and support one another. . . We must remain on the alert and push the struggle farther with all our might."

"We beg you to save young America from the blight of race prejudice. Do not bind the children within the narrow circles of your own lives."

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